Baseline characteristics and recruitment strategies in a randomized clinical trial of African-American light smokers

TitleBaseline characteristics and recruitment strategies in a randomized clinical trial of African-American light smokers
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2007
AuthorsOkuyemi, KS, Cox, LS, Nollen, NL, Snow, TM, Kaur, H, Choi, W, Nazir, N, Mayo, MS, Ahluwalia, JS
JournalAmerican Journal of Health Promotion
Volume21
Pagination183-191
Date Published2007 Jan-Feb
Publication Languageeng
ISBN Number0890-1171
KeywordsAdult, Advertising, Blacks -- United States, Carbon Monoxide -- Analysis, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Cotinine -- Blood, Cultural Sensitivity, Depression, Double-Blind Studies, Female, Funding Source, Health Education, Human, Male, Middle Age, Motivation, motivational interviewing, Nicotine replacement therapy, Placebos, Print Materials, Random Assignment, Research Subject Recruitment, Scales, Self Report, Smoking Cessation, Stress, Psychological, Summated Rating Scaling, United States, Univariate Statistics
Abstract

Purpose. This study describes the design, recruitment, and baseline data of the first smoking-cessation clinical trial for African-American light smokers, Kick It at Swope II (KIS-II). Design. KIS-II was a randomized trial testing the efficacy of nicotine gum (vs. placebo gum) in combination with counseling (motivational interviewing or health education). Setting. This study was conducted at an urban community-based clinic serving predominantly lower-income African-Americans. Subjects. African-Americans who smoked 1 to 10 cigarettes per day were eligible. Of 1933 individuals screened, 1012 (52%) were eligible and 755 (75%) were enrolled in the study. Measures. Baseline assessment included smoking history and psychometric measures. Analysis. The majority of participants were women (67%) with a mean age of 45.1 years (SD = 10.7). Participants smoked on average 7.6 cigarettes (SD = 3.21) per day, had a mean exhaled carbon monoxide level of 13.9 ppm (SD = 8.9) and a mean serum cotinine level of 244.2 ng/mL (SD = 154.4), and reported high levels of motivation and confidence to quit smoking. Conclusion. African-American light smokers were motivated to stop smoking and to enroll in a smoking-cessation program. Characteristics of our sample suggest African-American light smokers are an appropriate group for inclusion in smoking-cessation interventions.

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